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Research Methods in the Social SciencesCompanion website for Research Methods in the Social Sciences

Additional Resources and Weblinks to Accompany Each Part and Chapter


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JOURNALS/GENERAL WEB RESOURCES

The International Journal of Qualitative Methods is a peer reviewed journal published quarterly as a web-based journal by the International Institute for Qualitative Methodology at the University of Alberta, Canada, and its international affiliates. It is a multi-disciplinary, multi-lingual journal, free to the public.

Forum: Qualitative  Social Research is a peer-reviewed multilingual online journal for qualitative research published three times a year.

The Social Science Information Gateway (SOSIG) is a freely available Internet service which aims to provide a trusted source of selected, high quality Internet information for students, academics, researchers and practitioners in the social sciences, business and law. It is part of the UK Resource Discovery Network.

Part I: Research Communities in the Social Sciences

Sara Delamont’s homepage

Julienne Meyer’s homepage

Bridget Somekh’s homepage

Part II: Listening, Exploring the Case and Theorizing

Chapter 1 - Ethnography

Juliet Goldbart’s homepage  

Additional resources:

An additional annotated bibliography on how to write up ethnographic research by Martyn Hammersley

Chapter 2 - Research Diaries

Herbert Altrichter’s homepage (following the link entitled MitarbeiterInnen). Please note this site is in German.

Chapter 3 - Case Study

Sheila Stark’s home page

Harry Torrance’s home page

Additional resources:

The published 'highlights' of the research from which the case study in the Story from the Field was taken

Other published work from the funded research project, again, from which the case study example was drawn

Webpage highlights of how one of the author's has used case studies as educational tools for educators and healthcare professionals working in partnerships in primary schools

Chapter 4 - Interviewing and Focus Groups

Rosaline S. Barbour’s homepage

John Schostak’s homepage

Additional resources:

The Enquiry Learning Unit (ELU) maintained by John Schostak contains a range of qualitative research papers from introductory to those that have been presented at conferences or key note speeches.  It is a free resource for people to use however they wish!

Interviewing – Creating the Space for Views is a working paper, presented at the British Educational Research Association conference in 2004, that develops a novel notion of the interview as a space that opens up alternative ways of seeing and thinking. This is a concept that is still 'work in progress'.  John Schostak hopes to add to it over time, particularly in relation to his forthcoming book on interviewing for Open University press.

The following links are given in the references for this chapter and provide online access to articles and texts.

A link to Acquiring qualitative skills for primary care research. Review and reflections on a three-stage workshop. Part 2: analysing interview data by Barbour, Featherstone et al cited in chapter 4.

Abstract for above paper:

This paper reflects on one Primary Care Research Network's (WoReN's) experience of running a workshop on analysing qualitative interview data, provided as the second of a three-part workshop concerned with acquiring qualitative interviewing skills. It discusses the aims and limitations of the short workshop format in meeting the needs of practitioners embarking on the process of analysing qualitative data, drawing upon and reviewing the relevant research methods literature. Particular attention is paid to the role of qualitative data analysis computer packages and the debate on ‘grounded theory’. We conclude by making suggestions with regard to designing and running data analysis workshops within primary care.

Chapter 5 - Grounded Theory

Nick Holt’s CV

Chapter 6 - Ethical Issues

Heather Piper’s homepage

Helen Simon’s homepage

Part III: Researching for Impact

Chapter 7 - Feminist Methodologies

Melanie Walker’s homepage

Chapter 8 - Critical Theories of Race

Laurence Parker’s homepage

Lorna Robert’s homepage

Chapter 9 - Queer Theory/Lesbian and Gay Approaches

Debra Shogan’s homepage

Dennis Sumara’s homepage

Brent Davis’ homepage

Chapter 10 - Action Research

Susan Noffke’s homepage 

Bridget Somekh’s homepage

Additional resources:

CARN web-site (Collaborative Action Research Network) is an international network founded in 1976 which hosts an annual conference. Membership includes a free subscription to Educational Action Research

Educational Action Research is a journal that publishes accounts of a range of action research and related studies, in education and across the professions, with the aim of making their outcomes widely available and exemplifying the variety of possible styles of reporting. It aims to establish and maintain a review of the literature of action research. It also provides a forum for dialogue on the methodological and epistemological issues, enabling different approaches to be subjected to critical reflection and analysis.

A multimedia paper by Bridget Somekh, Action Research & its Contribution to ICT Initiatives, can be found on the The Educational Research Forum.

Abstract for above paper:

Action Research is the research approach most suited to teachers and schools, as it readily fits in with everyday practice and it focuses closely on the participants' concerns. Another characteristic is that it is grounded in the values and culture of the context within which educational change takes place. Action Research lost part of this context in the UK during the 1980s, under a Government concerned to impose a National Curriculum. Teachers were under considerable demands both to carry out research and to teach. In the late 1980s, the successful PALM project adopted a collaborative networking approach which used Action Research to support school change within and beyond classrooms. The PALM pack has been provided as part of this presentation. Is Action Research relevant to educational initiatives today? Professor Somekh believes so and shows the Year 2000 conception of Action Research, noting that it is an important research methodology for ICT today.

Chapter 11 - Researching Policy

Jill Blackmore’s homepage

Hugh Lauder’s homepage

Additional resources:

The Journal of Education and Work is a major international forum for academic research and policy analysis which focuses on the interplay of the education and economic systems.

Chapter 12 - The Purpose, Practice and Politics of Sponsored Evaluations

Thomas Schwandt’s homepage

Part IV: Observing, Querying, Interpreting

Chapter 13 - Philosophy and Hermeneutics

David Heywood’s homepage

Ian Stronach’s homepage

Chapter 14 - Phenomenology

Additional resources:

Some of the ideas included in this chapter were developed from Angie Titchen’s work on patient centred nursing:

Titchen, A. (2000) Professional Craft Knowledge in Patient-Centred Nursing and the Facilitation of its Development. University of Oxford DPhil Dissertation. Kidlington, Oxon: Ashdale Press.

See the abstract for a description of this dissertation and the flier for information on how to obtain a copy.

Chapter 15 - Naturalistic Enquiry

Nigel Norris’ homepage

Additional resources:

The Story from the Field in this chapter has been edited and abridged from one of a set of case studies in environmental education. The full text of this case study can be downloaded here. Robottom, I., Malone, K. and Walker, R. (2000) Case Studies in Environmental Education: Policy and practice. Geelong, Victoria: Deakin University Press.

The following link is given in the references for this chapter and provides online access to articles and texts.

Becker, H.S. (1999) ‘The Chicago School, So-called’, Qualitative Sociology

Chapter 16 - Observation

Liz Jones’ homepage

Bridget Somekh’s homepage

Chapter 17 - Discourse Analysis

Julia Gillen’s homepage

Alan Petersen’s homepage

Part V: Reading and Representing Socio-cultural Meanings

Chapter 18 - Life History and Narrative Approaches

Geoff Shacklock’s homepage

The following link is given in the references for this chapter and provides online access to articles and texts.

Gascoigne, Rosalie (1997) The Poetry of Trash - an interview

Chapter 19 - Semiotic Approaches to Image-Based Research

Terry Carson’s homepage

Matthew Pearson’s homepage

Ingrid Johnston’s homepage

Additional resources:

Semiotics for Beginners The excellent resource on Semiotics by Daniel Chandler. This site contains material which gives the reader a thorough introduction to the key concepts and terms in semiotics, as well as some practical examples of semiotic analysis in action.

Text Semiotics This website has a large inventory of online resources related to textual
semiotics. There are many portals and gateways to semiotic resources on the web, and this is one of the best ordered and comprehensive you will find.

Terry Carson, Jyoti Mangat, Jennifer Tupper and Ingrid Johnston presented a workshop with a colleague, George Richardson, at the 8th International Metropolis Conference in Vienna in 2003. They discussed visual aspects of their spatial practices research and other media possibilities in educational research. The presentation is summarized on the website of the Metropolis Prairie Centre of Excellence under the title "Re-Framing Media to Address Ethnocultural Diversity in Urban Schools" Please note that this is not a direct link and you will have to use the search engine to locate the document.

Chapter 20 - Social Semiotics and Multimodal Texts

Diane Mavers’ homepage

Gunther Kress’ homepage

Chapter 21 - Communities of Practice

Diane Mavers’ homepage

Bridget Somekh’s homepage

Edith J. Cisneros-Cohernour’s homepage

Chapter 22 - Activity Theory

Ines Langemeyer’s homepage

Morten Nissen’s homepage

Additional resources:

In development - a site with case studies and theoretical discussions, including work undertaken by Morten Nissen

The following list of websites is given in the chapter as additional resources for those interested in this field. The first three are references to an international association and journals dedicated to this field of study. The three websites that follow are for university centres of research that have been created to focus on the application of Cultural-Historical Activity Theory in a variety of settings.

The official website of the International Society for Cultural and Activity Research (ISCAR) ISCAR is an association, whose purpose is the promotion and development of multidisciplinary, theoretical and empirical on societal, cultural and historical dimensions of human practices.

The oldest and most established international journal: Mind, Culture & Activity. Mind, Culture, and Activity (MCA) is an interdisciplinary, international journal devoted to the study of the human mind in its cultural and historical contexts. Articles appearing in MCA draw upon research and theory in a variety of disciplines including anthropology, cognitive science, education, linguistics, psychology and sociology. Particular emphasis is placed upon research that seeks to resolve methodological problems associated with the analysis of human action in everyday activities and theoretical approaches that place culture and activity at the center of attempts to understand human nature.

Outlines - Critical Social Studies. Outlines is issued by the Department of Psychology,
University of Copenhagen, in cooperation with researchers from Sweden, Norway and Finland. Its focus is Critical Social Studies, combining critique of science, professonal practice, and social issues in an attempt to intervene in public discourses and establish counter-discourses in various social fields.

The Laboratory of Comparative Human Cognition (LCHC) at the
University of California, San Diego, United States

Centre for Sociocultural and Activity Theory Research (CSAT)

Center for Activity Theory and Developmental Work Research (CATDWR)

The following link is given in the references for this chapter and provides online access to articles and texts.

Middleton, D. and Brown, S. (2000) Topologies of durability and transformation in networks at work: Exploring the organization of accountability and agency in neonatal intensive care

Part VI: Sampling, Classifying and Quantifying

Chapter 23 - The Foundations of Experimental/Empirical Research Methods

Dean Garratt’s homepage

Yaojun Li’s homepage

Additional resources (provided in a footnote in the chapter):

Ordering data

Question banks and other support

SARs data and related help

Services concerning the use of large-scale government data sets

Access to international macro and micro data sets

A web site devoted to Karl Popper including an online journal, Critical Rationalist

Another excellent web resource describing the life and work of Karl Popper (and others such as Descartes and Locke) from the Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy

Chapter 24 - The Positivist Paradigm in Contemporary Social Science Research

Charles Crook’s homepage

Dean Garratt’s homepage

Additional resources:

The Story from the Field was based drawn from a project undertaken by Charles Crook, Learning sites: networked resources and the learning community. The Learning Sites project is a collaboration between Bournemouth University, as lead site, and the Universities of Loughborough and Southampton. Researchers at all three universities are engaged in coordinated studies of ways in which technology is impacting on the experience of full time undergraduate study. The project aims to encourage the adoption of an ecological (or 'cultural psychological') approach to learning at this level by refining appropriate methods and by providing convincing case studies showing the productivity of this approach.

An excellent web resource describing the life and work of Kuhn and Popper amongst others, from the Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy

Chapter 25 - Elementary Quantitative Methods

Cathy Lewin’s homepage

Additional resources:

The Electronic Statistics Textbook offers training in the understanding and application of statistics. The material covers a wide variety of applications, including social science statistics and survey research. The Electronic Textbook begins with an overview of the relevant elementary concepts and continues with a more in depth exploration of specific areas of statistics. A glossary of statistical terms and a list of references for further study are included.

StatSoft, Inc. (2004). Electronic Statistics Textbook. Tulsa, OK: StatSoft

Chapter 26 - An Introduction to Inferential Statistics: Testing for Differences and Relationships

Sally Barnes’ homepage

Cathy Lewin’s homepage

Additional resources:

The Electronic Statistics Textbook offers training in the understanding and application of statistics. The material covers a wide variety of applications, including social science statistics and survey research. The Electronic Textbook begins with an overview of the relevant elementary concepts and continues with a more in depth exploration of specific areas of statistics. A glossary of statistical terms and a list of references for further study are included.

StatSoft, Inc. (2004). Electronic Statistics Textbook. Tulsa, OK: StatSoft

Chapter 27 - An Introduction to Statistical Modelling

Kelvyn Jones’ homepage

Additional resources:

Further information on how to code predictor variables in multiple regression

Web books on regression using three statistical packages: Stata, SAS and SPSS

Software which indicates required sample size for a given power for regression

Kelvyn Jones has developed a comprehensive guide on MultiLevel Modelling including references for books, online training and tutorials, and alternative software package information.

The usefulness of multilevel models in reality in addressing the widening participation issue can be seen from a study entitled ‘Schooling effects on higher education achievement’

Part VII: Quantitative Methods in Action

Chapter 28 - Random Reflections on Modelling, Geography and Voting

Kelvyn Jones’ homepage

Additional resources:

Kelvyn Jones has developed a comprehensive guide on MultiLevel Modelling including references for books, online training and tutorials, and alternative software package information

More recent developments of the work discussed in this Story from the Field are reported in an online working paper: A missing level in the analysis of British voting behaviour: the household as context as shown by analyses of a 1992-1997 longitudinal survey by Ron Johnston, Kelvyn Jones, Rebecca Sarker, Simon Burgess, Carol Propper and Anne Bolster.

Chapter 29 - Methodological Issues in International Comparative Assessments of Educational

Access to the reports and data bases of IEA and/or OECD referred to in this Story from the Field

Chapter 30 - Capturing Complexity Through Maturity Modelling

Jean Underwood’s homepage

Chapter 31 - Evaluating Literacy Advance in the Early Years of School

John Ainley’s homepage

Further information about the Literacy Advance Research Project described in this Story from the Field can be found in the interim project reports available online:

http://www.dest.gov.au/schools/publications/2002/threeyearson/LearningToRead.pdf

http://www.dest.gov.au/schools/publications/2002/threeyearson/larp.pdf

The full report, Five Years On: Literacy Advance in the Primary Years, free on request plus postage and handling:

http://www.cecv.melb.catholic.edu.au/

Chapter 32 - Working Backwards: The Road Less Travelled in Quantitative Methodology

Brian Doig’s homepage

Chapter 33 - Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Social Inquiry

Jennifer Greene’s homepage

Holly Kreider’s homepage

Ellen Mayer’s homepage.

Additional resources:

This exciting volume offers papers from a 2001 working conference on mixing methods in the study of children’s development – in family, school, and community locales. The key question addressed was, what did a mixed method approach uniquely contribute to our understanding about children’s developmental pathways?  

Note the chapter by Weiss, Kreider, Mayer, Hencke and Vaughan, which explores the same mixed method journey as the chapter in Research Methods in the Social Sciences, only in more depth and for an audience of researchers. This website offers a mixed method network for the behavioral, social and health sciences. References, links to people, course syllabi and other features are all offered.

This link is to a publication entitled “The User Friendly Handbook for Mixed-Method Evaluations,” published by the US National Science Foundation. The Handbook is intended to help principle investigators of science-related educational programs use a mixed method approach for their program evaluations:

As of August 2004 there is a Special Interest Group (SIG) in mixed method research in the American Educational Research Association (AERA). The mixed method SIG should be listed shortly.

These websites describe the School Transition Study and the Harvard Family Research Project referred to in the Story from the Field in more detail.

This website of the Family Involvement Network of Educators will be helpful for readers interested in learning more generally about research on family involvement in education.  The site features research articles, syntheses, bibliographies and digests, as well as descriptions of program models and promising practices from a variety of perspectives. Several of the reports and applied tools draw on data from the School Transition Study, featured in this chapter.

Weiss, H., Kreider, H., Lopez, M.E. & Chatman, C. (Eds.) (forthcoming).  Preparing educators to involve families: From theory to practice.  Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.  Expected publication date: April 2005.                                                                                                                                                                       

Weiss, H., Mayer, E., Kreider, H., Vaughan, P., Dearing, E., Hencke, R., & Pinto, K. (2003).  Making It Work: Low-income Working Mothers’ Involvement in their Children’s Education.  American Educational

Part VIII: Researching in Postmodern Contexts

Chapter 34 - Deconstruction as a method of research

Maggie Maclure’s homepage

Additional resources:

The Discourse Unit is an interdisciplinary space that focuses its critical activity mainly on the discipline of psychology, but which also includes researchers working on the intersection of politics and subjectivity. The Discourse Unit is currently located at Manchester Metropolitan University in the UK. The Discourse Unit supports a variety of qualitative and theoretical research projects contributing to the development of discourse theory in psychology, with the term 'discourse' used primarily in its critical foucauldian and hermeneutic senses to include inquiries influenced by feminism and psychoanalysis. The centre functions: (i) as a teaching resource base for qualitative and feminist work; (ii) as a support unit for the (re)production of radical academic theory; (iii) as a networking centre for the development of critical perspectives in psychology.

This site contains complete texts of out-of-print books produced by Erica Burman and Ian Parker, co-founders of the Discourse Unit. You can access these texts by clicking on the covers and then downloading chapters. This includes the following books by Erica Burman: Discourse analytic research, Feminists and psychological practice and The crisis in modern social psychology and how to end it.

www.discourseunit.com   

The following link is cited in the text in relation to the story from the field where examples of texts are used to illustrate deconstruction

Chapter 35 - From Hermeneutics to Post-structuralism to Psychoanalysis

Tony Brown’s homepage

Dan Heggs’ homepage

Chapter 36 - Postmodernist Perspectives in Social Inquiry

Julianne Cheek’s homepage

Noel Gough’s homepage

Additional resources:

Cheek, J. (2004). At the Margins? Discourse Analysis and Qualitative Research. Qualitative Health Research, 14(8), 1140-1150.

Abstract for the above article:

Discourse analysis is a qualitative research approach that offers the potential to challenge our thinking about aspects of the reality of health and health care practice. In this article, the author explores one approach to discourse analysis and examines how it offers possibilities for different ways of viewing health and health care practices. She concludes by raising questions as to whether discourse analysis is at the margins of qualitative research, whether that matters, and where discourse analysis might take those margins.

An example of a student's thesis in which poststructural analysis was used:

Price, K 2000, 'Exploring what the doing does: a poststructural analysis of nurses' subjectivity in relation to pain', School of Nursing and Midwifery, PhD thesis, University of South Australia, Australian Digital Theses Project

Chapter 37 - From Structuralism to Post-Structuralism

Lee Miller’s homepage

Joanne ‘Bob’ Whalley’s homepage

Ian Stronach’s homepage

Additional resources:

The practical research of Whalley and Miller tends to engage in the singular, ephemeral art-work, a mode which raises questions about the dissemination of research material. In an attempt to address this, Whalley and Miller have developed a web-site which houses documentary accounts of their practical outcomes, as well as being home to a virtual performance piece entitled We Will Remember You. www.dogshelf.com

Chapter 38 - Feminism/Post-structuralism

Bronwyn Davies’ homepage   

Susanne Gannon’s homepage

Chapter 39 - Social Science Research in Virtual Realities

Colin Lankshear’s homepage 

Kevin Leander’s homepage

 


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